Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) measures the annual number of maternal deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, relative to the total number of births. The indicator is reported as deaths per 100,000 live births. Maternal mortality indicates the ability of a system to deliver care at critical moments, including preventing and addressing pregnancy complications. It may also highlight access to and delivery of care, as well as the presence of a functioning referral system to treat complications that cannot be addressed at the primary health care level.